ANTICORRUPTION – New LAW
12.846/2013 The
new Federal Law 12.846/2013 coming in to force in January 29, 2014.
Brazil is a
signatory of 4 important conventions against corruption:
-
OECD
Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in
- International Business
Transaction: 2000
-
Inter-American
Convention Against Corruption: 2002
-
United
Nations Convention against Corruption: 2006
BRAZIL ANTI
CORRUPTION LEGAL FRAME:
·
= Penal Code: 1940
·
= Public
Procurement Law: 1993
·
= Improbity
Law: 1992
·
= The Code of
Conduct of the Federal Government: 2001
- Not
technically law (set of presidential guidelines)
- In
principle, only applies to high-level public employees
- Can be
used as reference with respect to all public employees by the administrative
authorities, and even by courts, to determine a standard of proper conduct
- Guidelines
for gifts, entertainment and hospitality
·
= New Money
Laundering Law: 2012
- No
predicate offenses
·
LAW
12.846/2013
The new law
is the latest Brazilian efforts against International Systemic Government/Private
Sector’s Corruption. It addresses administrative and civil liability for
corporations for corrupted acts relating to national and foreign public
administration.
• Federal
Agencies Responsible for Combating Corruption in Brazil – The law provides
Administrative Investigation, civil, and accrues further criminal procedures,
through The Office of Comptroller General of Brazil (AGU).
• Respondeat
Superior – Legal entities shall be held liable for acts committed by any of its
directors, representatives, or agents, and by colligates companies, and
its subsidiaries.
•
Affirmative Defense – Unlike as UK
Bribery Act, “adequate procedures”
appears only to mitigate the fines as “the existence of mechanisms and internal
integrity procedures, audit and incentive denunciation of irregularities in
applying the code of conduct and ethics within the legal entity”., is properly
implemented and in place to follow compliance within the Corporation, its
agents, and third parties.
• Credit for
Cooperation – Whistleblower provision, doesn’t appears for 3rd
parties, as “the cooperation with an investigation of infractions”,
reflects directly to corporation self-disclosure.
• Penalties
– Penalties for corporations and individuals, include fines between 0.1% to 20%
of the company’s gross revenue and debarment from public contracts. Individuals
could face prosecution and jail time of up to 12 years per offense. Criminal
Brazilian system does not embrace the same concept of “plea bargain” we have in
the US.
===
Subjected Persons
- Brazilian Corporation legal entities
- Foreign
legal Corporation entities with “registered office, branch or representation in
the Brazilian territory”
• Prohibited
Acts
- Related to
local and foreign public administration
- Bribe of
public officials
_ “To
promise, offer or give, directly or indirectly, an undue advantage to a public agent, or third person related to him”
- “Fraud” in
public procurement settings
- Bid
rigging
• Strict
Liability
- Should be more easily applied
than current laws
• Sanctions to
the Corporation (civil and administrative)
-
Restitution/Disgorgement
(mandatory)
-
Fines
_ 0.1% to
20% of the gross revenue of the previous year
_ R$ 6,000
to R$ 60,000,000
_ Influence
of new antitrust law
- Debarment:
from 1 to 5 years
-
Publication of the condemnatory decision
-
Prohibition to receive incentives and public financing from 1 to 5 years, and
government contracts (lei 8.666).
- Termination
of contracts with public entities
-
Judicial
level:
- Seizure
and confiscation of assets and gains
- Partial
suspension or interdiction of its activities
- Compulsory
dissolution of the legal entity
- Critical:
The OECD Convention seeks “functional equivalence” when criminal responsibility is not applicable, the Convention requires
that bribery of a foreign public official be punishable by “effective,
proportionate and dissuasive” sanctions.
-At least
comparable to sanctions for bribery of domestic public officials
Voluntary
Disclosure and Cooperation
- New
feature in the Brazilian anti-corruption arena
The
cooperation of the legal entity with the investigation of the violations,
Including by voluntary reporting to the authorities, before the initiation of a
proceeding, as well as the disclosure of information during the course of the
Investigations
• Leniency
Program:
-
Requirements
-- Legal
entity initiative to come forward and confesses its participation in the unlawful
practice;
-- Legal
entity ceases its involvement in the unlawful practice;
-- Public
authorities did not have sufficient information about the illegal activity to
ensure the condemnation of the applicant; and
-- The
applicant agrees to fully cooperate with the investigation.
- Benefits
for legal entities
-- Fines can
be reduced up to 2/3
-- All the
other sanctions (excluding restitution) are excluded.